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''Quercus marilandica'' (blackjack oak) is a small oak, one of the red oak group ''Quercus'' sect. ''Lobatae''. It is native to the eastern and central United States, from Long Island to Florida, west as far as Texas, Oklahoma, and Nebraska. There are reports of a few isolated populations in southern Michigan, but these appear to represent introductions.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 "Quercus marilandica Range Map" ) 〕〔(Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map )〕 ''Quercus marilandica'' is a small deciduous tree growing to 15 meters (50 feet) tall, with bark cracked into rectangular black plates with narrow orange fissures. The leaves are 7–20 cm (2.8-8.0 inches) long and broad, and typically flare from a tapered base to a broad three-lobed bell shape with only shallow indentations. They are dark green and glossy above, pubescent underneath, and often remain attached to the twigs through the winter after turning colors from red to brown in the fall. The acorn is small, 12–20 mm (0.48-0.8 inch) long and 10–18 mm (0.4-0.7 inch) broad; like other red oaks, it takes 18 months to mature.〔(Flora of North America, ''Quercus marilandica'' Münchhausen, 1770. Blackjack oak )〕 ==Habitat and distribution== The blackjack oak grows in poor, thin, dry, rocky or sandy soils where few other woody plants can thrive, usually on low ground, from sea level up to approximately 2800 feet (900 meters) in altitude. It does not have the beautiful form of many oaks, but is nonetheless a valuable tree for growing in problem sites. It is sometimes an understory tree in pine stands on sandy knolls in the southeastern USA. Along the coastal plain of New Jersey the probability of finding this species is increased in relatively sunny, open areas such as those near coastal salt marshes. It often occurs near scarlet and post oaks as well as pitch pine; understory companions include winged sumac, bracken, sweetfern, and bayberry. A variety, ''Quercus marilandica'' Münchhausen var. ''ashei'' Sudworth (D. M. Hunt 1989), grows in the western portions of its range—northern Texas, Oklahoma, and into southern Kansas. In this area, blackjack, along with post oak, forms a semi-savanna area composed of forested strips intermixed with prairie grass glades along the eastern edge of the southern Great Plains. This semi-savanna is known as the Cross Timbers. Scrub forms of ''Q. marilandica'' dominate on many chert glades along with ''Q.stellata'' in Arkansas' Ozark plateau.〔C.Michael Hogan. 2012. (''Oak''. Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. A.Dawson and C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC )〕 Blackjacks in the Cross Timbers can grow from high with a trunk diameter of , but seldom reach more than . The leaves are from in length and about the same width. Blackjack acorns provide food for both whitetail deer and wild turkey. Blackjacks may, however, cause tannic acid poisoning in cattle. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Quercus marilandica」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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